Q&A with Dr. Maybaum: Congestive Heart Failure

Q: What is congestive heart failure (CHF)?
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a condition whereby the heart muscle is not pumping as effectively as it should. This can result in blood “backing up” into the lungs, stomach and legs (fluid “congesting” the body), as well as a reduction in the amount of blood flowing to important parts of the body. As a result of this congestion and reduced blood flow, patients who have CHF often feel short of breath and tired, and their legs, stomach and/or feet may swell. They may find it difficult to walk, exercise and perform normal daily activities as the disease progresses.

Q: How does CHF occur?
About half of all CHF cases I treat are related to coronary artery disease (blockages in the arteries of the heart), which causes the heart to work harder and can eventually weaken the heart muscle. Other problems — including high blood pressure, congenital heart (birth) defects and infections — can also lead to CHF. In many cases, however, we don’t know exactly why patients develop CHF.

Q: Should I be concerned about CHF?
You should be aware of the many conditions that could put you at risk for developing CHF. For example, if you have coronary artery disease or have experienced a previous heart attack; have high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, severe anemia, an overactive thyroid gland or severe lung disease, you should talk with your physician. Proper management of these other conditions can reduce your risk of ever developing CHF. Additionally, be sure to discuss any family history of cardiovascular disease, and lifestyle habits, such as smoking or alcohol intake. Your physician can examine you for signs of CHF; as many patients have few symptoms, he or she may also choose to do a few basic tests to check for heart muscle problems.

Q: What can I do to help prevent CHF?
I advise my patients to make healthy lifestyle choices to help keep their hearts strong. Modify your diet by limiting your salt intake, eliminating alcohol and eating low-fat, low-sodium foods. Work with your doctor to develop a safe, regular exercise plan and to control high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes. Reducing and managing the stress in your life is essential. It’s important to remember that healthy lifestyle choices are always good for you — no matter what illness you are living with. In mild cases of CHF, lifestyle changes, such as loss of weight and smoking cessation may reduce symptoms including fatigue, shortness of breath and swelling (edema). And, if you have any questions or concerns, always contact your doctor. The earlier we catch a problem, the better your outcome will be.